KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF CLASS I. 107 



3< Stamens borne on the calyx, or where the calyx (when coherent) separatesfrom, the ovary. 



Petals many, in several rows. 



Shrubs with opposite simple leaves and dingy-purple flowers, .Cakolika-Allspice F. 153 



Leafless fleshy plants, of singular shapes, Cactus F. 153 



Water-plants, with the large flowers and leaves floating on tlie surface, Watee-Lily F. 120 



Petals i or 5, rarely 6. 



Leaves with stipules, alternate, Rose F. 146 



Leaves without stipules. Pods many-seeded. 



Style and stigma one. Pod surrounded by the free calyx, Ltthrum F. 159 



Styles or stigmas 3 to 8. Calyx coherent below with the ovary. 



Shrubs: leaves opposite. Pod with several cells. Philad'^lphtis in Saxifrage F. 157 

 Herbs: leaves fleshy. Pod one-celled, opening by a lid. Purslane F. 130 



B. Stamens 10 ok fewer. 



1. Corolla irregular. (Pistil one.) 



Leaves opposite, palmately compound. Calyx 6-toothed. Shrubs or trees, HoRSEcnESTNUT F. U^ 

 Leaves alternate, with stipules. 



Filaments often united, but not the anthers. Two lower petals appj-oaching or joined. 



Pod simple, with only one row of seeds, Pulse F. 141 



Filaments short: anthers 5, united. Lower petal with a sac or spur at the base. Pod 



with 3 rows of seeds on the walls, Violet F. 126 



Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flower generally 1-spurred or 2-spurred. 



Stamens 5, short; their anthers a little united. Pod bursting at the touch, Balsam F. 136 



Stamens 8, separate. Fruit of 3 thick and closed pieces, Indian-Cress F. 18B 



Stamens 6, in two sets. Flower closed. Pod oue-ceBed, Fumitory F. 123 



■# 

 3. Corolla regular, or nearly so. 



Stamens just as many as the petals, and standing one before each of them. 



Pistils more than one, and separate. Petals 6. Flowers dioecious, Moonseed F. 118 



Pistil with pne ovary but with five separate styles, Leadwobt F. 173 

 Pistil and style one, (the latter sometimes cleft at the summit). 



Anthers opening by uplifted valves or doors. Petals 6 or 8, Barberry F. 119 

 Anthers not opening by valves, but lengthwise. 



Woody vines. Calyx minute: petals falling very early, Grape-Vine F. 137 



Shrubs. Calyx larger, its divisions 4 or 5, Buckthorn F. 138 

 Herbs. /ary and pod one-celled. 



Sepals 2 : petals 5 : stigmas 3, Purslane F. 130 



Sepals as many as the petals : style single : stigma one, Pri JIEOSE F. 173 

 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many, or of some unequal number. 

 Calyx with its tube adherent to the surface of the ovary. 



Stamens 3, united with each other more or less. Flowers monoecious. Gourd F. 154 

 Stamens distinct, as many or twice as many as the petals. 



8 



