POPULAR FLORA. 



165 



in most cases, these flowers have a slrap-shaped corolla. This will be understood by sup- 

 posing a long tubular corolla to be split down on one side and spread out flat. In the 

 Cichory (Fig. 402), Dandelion, and the like, all the flowers are strap-shaped. But in Sun- 

 flower, Coreopsis (Fig. 404), 

 Aster, and many others, only 

 the flowers round the margin 

 are strap-shaped ; these are 

 called rai/s or ray-flowers, and 

 at first view much resemble 

 the petals of a many-petalled 

 blossom, — all the more so, be- 

 cause in Coreopsis and Sun- 

 flower these ray-flowers are 

 neutral, having neither sta^ 

 mens nor pistils. But in As- 

 ters and Daisies, they are pis- 

 lillale, having a pistil only. 

 The blossoms, which in these 

 cases fill the body of the head, 

 and are so small that the su- 

 perficial observer is apt to 

 take them for stamens or pis- 

 tils, are regular and perfect, with a tubular and 5-lobed corolla (Fig. 405 a). They are 

 called disk-flowers. In Thistles, Thoroughwort, Wormwood, and some kinds of Ground- 

 sel, all the flowers are 

 of this sort, i. e. there 

 are no rays, but all 

 the flowers tubular. 

 In all, the ovary is 

 one-celled and one 

 seeded, and makes an 

 akene in fruit. The 

 corolla being on the 

 ovary, the latter is of 



course covered bv the ^^^' ^^^^^ °^ Cicliory-flowers, divided lenglliwise and enlarged. 



tube of the calyx adherent to it. Sometimes there is no limb or border to the calyx ; 

 then the akene is naked, as in that of Mayweed (Fig. 406). When the limb of the calyx 

 is present in any form on the ovary or akene, it is named the pappus (which means seed- 

 down). In Cichory the pappus or calyx is a ring or cup crowning the akene (Fig. 407) ; 

 in Sunflower it consists of two chaffy scales, which fall off" early (Fig. 408) ; ' ^^ ' 



402. Flowera of Cichory, all wilh strap-shaped corollas. 



in Helenium 



