18 DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ADJACENT SINUSES 



Symptoms. — ^The general condition of the patient is usually 

 somewhat disturbed; it seems stupid, languid, and shows 

 slight fever. The mucous membrane of the nose is swollen 

 and reddened and at first drier than normal; later an irritant,' 

 watery discharge appears, which in a day or two becomes 

 turbid and more profuse. In the earlier stages the patient 

 sneezes frequently and rubs its nose against objects. The 

 nasal discharge dries and forms crusts at the openings of the 

 nostrils. Iti exceptional cases small, round, superficial erosions 

 are noted on the mucous membrane, which usually heal in a 

 few days. In severe cases there is conjunctivitis present. 

 If the larynx is involved there is cough; if the pharynx, 

 difficulty in swallowing. The submaxillary lymph glands 

 in the horse are slightly swollen. 



Course. — ^The course is usually rapid and the termination 

 favorable. The condition in ordinary cases disappears in 

 seven to ten days. 



Treatment. — ^The acute catarrh seldom requires treatment. 

 Protecting the patient from draughts and dust is all that is 

 necessary in the average case. When, however, the dis- • 

 charge is profuse or the patient shows fever, injections into 

 the nostrils of 1 to 2 per cent, creolin solution are recom- 

 mendable. Inhalations of volatile substances are of value. 

 Turpentine or benzoin (1 to 5 per cent, in form of steam) 

 may be tried. The crust on the nostrils may be greased 

 with vaselin. In man the "snuffing" of the fluid extract 

 of Hamamelis every two or three hours is much employed. 



Chronic Nasal Catarrh {Chronic Rhinitis, O^ena). — Chronic 

 rhinitis rarely develops from the acute. This form is nearly 

 alwa,ys secondary to some other disease involving the 

 respiratory tract. 

 _ Etiology. — Bad teeth with filling of the maxillary or frontal 

 sinuses with pus. It may also accompany glanders, tumors 

 (polypi) in the nostrils, animal parasites (estrus larva in 

 sheep), chronic bronchitis, verminous bronchitis. In surgical 

 conditions of the head such as necrosis of the turbinated 

 bone, empyema of the sinuses, etc., nasal catarrh is noted. 

 Symptoms. — The principal symptom is nasal discharge, 

 which varies greatly in quantity and character. The 



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