RHINITIS— NASAL CATARRH 21 



of which has been added a dram of sodium bicarbonate. 

 Do not forcibly remove the membranes. Affected animals 

 should be isolated. 



Diphtheritic Rhinitis. — Definition. — A necrotic inflamma- 

 tion of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities. 



Occurrence. — Seen in horses and cattle. It is usually 

 secondary to _ such Infectious diseases as acute glanders, 

 pm-pura hemorrhagica, malignant head catarrh. 



Etiology. — A primary diphtheritic rhinitis may result from 

 the action of any mechanical, thermic, chemical or infectious 

 irritant which is sufficiently intensive to destroy the mucous 

 membrane. In all probability the necrosis bacillus is a 

 factor. As noted, diphtheritic rhinitis may be secondary to 

 certain infectious diseases. 



Symptoms. — ^The condition is characterized by the appear- 

 ance of yellowish-gray patches in the mucosa which when 

 detached or sloughed leave behind deep, dark red or grayish- 

 red ulcers. The borders of the ulcers are thickened and 

 surrounded by a zone of reactive inflammation. The sub- 

 maxillary lymph glands are swollen. 



Diagnosis. — Glanders should be thought of and excluded 

 before a diagnosis of "primary diphtheritic rhinitis" is made. 

 In purpura hemorrhagica the differential diagnosis is less 

 difficult (petechise, typical cutaneous swellings). The eye 

 affection absent in primary nasal diphtheritis is characteristic 

 of malignant head catarrh of cattle. 



Treatment. — See Croupous Rhinitis. 



Follicular Rhinitis (Pustulous Coryza). — Definition. — ^An 

 inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane involving 

 particularly the mucous glands forming pustules and later 

 ulcers. The sebaceous glands of the skin of the nostrils 

 may also become affected. 



Occurrence. — Peculiar to the horse. It may occur enzo- 

 otically. 



Etiology. — Undoubtedly microorganisms. The Strepto- 

 coccus equi has been accused. 



Symptoms. — ^The symptoms are those of a severe nasal 

 catarrh with the presence of numerous small nodules of the 

 size of flea bite which appear on the nasal septum. By con- 



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