22 DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ADJACENT SINUSES 



fluence large nodules may form. The nodules soon undergo 

 puriform softening, become yellow and form ulcers which 

 heal in a few days without leaving a scar. A similar erup- 

 tion may occiu- on the skin of the nostrils and lips. The 

 lymph vessels of the cheek are sometimes greatly distended, 

 abscesses forming rapidly along their course. The sub- 

 maxillary lymph glands become enlarged and sensitive. A 

 follicular (granular) conjunctivitis may be present. 



Diagnosis. — ^The disease might be confused with glanders. 

 The benign course and rapid, clean healing of the ulcers 

 make the differentiation not difficult. 



Treatment. — ^Treat as in catarrhal rhinitis. Ulcers may 

 be dressed with any strew-powder (iodoform, compound alum 

 powder, etc.). The swollen lymph vessels may be smeared 

 with gray mercurial ointment. 



EPISTAXIS. 



Definition. — ^Bleeding from the nose. 



Etiology. — (a) Heredity. — In some families of horses it 

 is an inherited predisposition. In such cases (hemophilia?) 

 epistaxis occurs without apparent cause. It may follow 

 overexertion in race horses (predisposition?). 



(b) Traumatism. — ^Epistaxis commonly results from direct 

 or indirect traumatism. Passing objects up into the nostrils 

 (sponges, straw whisps, nasal tubes, etc.) is often followed 

 by bleeding. In forcibly ejecting dust and foreign matter 

 from the nose horses sometimes induce hemorrhage. Frac- 

 tures of the jaw (maxillary process) and of the base of the 

 cranium may be followed by nose bleed. 



(c) Heart and Lung Diseases. — In animals suffering from 

 chronic heart and lung diseases this diathesis is present. 



(d) Pressure on Jugulars. — Continued pressure on the 

 jugulars may be a cause. 



(e) Infectious Diseases. — In many of the acute infectious 

 diseases it is a symptom (anthrax, purpura hemorrhagica, 

 glanders, septicemia), and in such blood diseases as leukemia, 

 pseudoleukemia, anemia, etc. 



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