INFECTIOUS RHINITIS OF SWINE 23 



(/) Tumors. — ^Tumors in the nasal chambers (angiomas, 

 polypi, sarcomas) induce bleeding. 



Sjnnptoms. — ^The blood either drops from the nostril or 

 flows in a thin stream. It is not foamy and not attended by 

 dyspnea. There are no general sjonptoms unless the hemor- 

 rhage is copious or recms frequently where it causes general 

 anemia (pale mucous membranes, small rapid pulse, anxious 

 expression, dyspnea). Repeated hemorrhages at frequent 

 intervals may become fatal in six to nine days. 



Diagnosis. — ^It is usually not diSicult to determine the 

 origin of the hemorrhage but to find the cause may require 

 a most careful examination of the patient. Pulmonary hem- 

 orrhages are characterized by a bright red, foamy, bilateral, 

 nasal discharge accompanied by cough, dyspnea, and weak 

 pulse. On auscultation of the chest, rales are heard. How- 

 ever, if from a nasal hemorrhage some of the blood is aspirated 

 into the lungs symptoms of pulmonary hemorrhage may be 

 simulated, comphcating the diagnosis. In gastric hemor- 

 rhage the blood is more or less clotted, brown in color, of 

 acid reaction, and mixed with food particles. In the horse 

 and ox it may be ejected through the nostrils, but in the 

 hog and in carnivora it is vomited through the mouth. 



Treatment. — The patient should be kept in a cool, quiet 

 place. If the hemorrhage is severe enough to warrant it, 

 inject into the nostrils adrenalin in salt solution (1 to 5000). 

 Tincture of ferric chlorid is serviceable. If injections do 

 not suffice tampon the nostril or nostrils with gauze soaked 

 in adrenalin. In the horse and ox tracheotomy should 

 be performed before plugging both nostrils. Intravenous 

 injection of a 2 per cent, gelatin solution in salt solution has 

 been effective. In shght hemorrhages turpentine may be 

 given internally. When bleeding comes from an angioma 

 in the septum touching with lunar caustic may stop it. 



INFECTIOUS RHINITIS OF SWINE. SNUFFLES. 



Definition. — An infectious disease of the nose, ethmoid and 

 brain of young pigs due to the Pseudomonas pyocyaneus, 

 the microorganism of blue pus. 



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