VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS 41 



Symptoms. — In practice outbreaks affecting herds of 

 lambs and calves usually occur in the summer and fall. The 

 early symptoms are those of a chronic bronchial catarrh, 

 the patient coughing, showing nasal discharge and on auscul- 

 tation rales are heard. Later the affected animals become 

 emaciated, anemic, hydremic (cold edemas under the throat 

 and brisket), dyspneic and cachectic. The symptoms in 

 calves are much the same as those in lambs. 



Diagnosis. — ^A positive diagnosis can be made only on 

 necropsy or by microscopical examination of the feces or 

 bronchial exudate coughed up by the patients. 



Prognosis. — ^The prognosis depends upon the severity of 

 the symptoms and the age and condition of the patient. 

 The disease is much more serious in lambs and calves than 

 in pigs. Adult animals frequently recover spontaneously. 

 In lambs the mortality will vary from 10 to 70 per cent, 

 in different outbreaks; in calves the prognosis is more favor- 

 able. 



Treatment. — ^The most effective treatment consists in 

 intratracheal injections of antiparasitic drugs. The use of 

 a spray or the inhalation of sulphur fumes, smoke from 

 burning feathers, etc., affords usually only temporary relief. 

 The following mixtures may be used intratracheally: 



^ — 01. terebinthinae, 



Ol. olivse ■ aa Siij 



Creolini ... . Siiss 



M. Sig. — ^Inject into the trachea 5 c.o. for lambs, 20 o.c. for calves; repeat 

 twice at four-day intervals. 



^ — Creosoti . . . . . 5v 



01. olivae . . . . . giij 



M. Sig. — Intratracheal injection 5 c.c. for lambs; 15 to 20 c.c. for calves; 

 repeat in four days. 



Potassiimi picronitricimi 1 per mille has given good results 

 (20 to 60 c.c. according to age). 



Prophylaxis. — The sheep and lambs should be removed 

 from infested pastures and fed highly nutritious food. 

 Water should be supplied from a well and dry pavement 

 kept about the drinking troughs. The sheep pens, lots, 

 mangers, floor, etc., should be thoroughly disinfected. If the 



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