60 DISEASES OF THE LUNGS 



From glanders (horse) and tuberculosis (ox), non-specific 

 catarrhal pneumonias are now best differentiated by the 

 use of such scientific aids as the mallein (eye), agglutination, 

 complement fixation, tuberculin tests, etc. 



Treatment. — Place the patient in a light, clean, and well- 

 ventilated place. Apply suitable covering if the weather is 

 cold. Give good easily digested food (clean oats, bran 

 mash, bright hay, grass, milk, eggs, etc.). As there is no 

 specific, the treatment is symptomatic and follows that 

 outlined for fibrinous pneumonia. Intratracheal irrigations 

 are of little value in catarrhal pneumonia, unless applied 

 very early and before the lung proper is attacked (washing 

 out the bronchi) following aspiration of blood and exudate 

 after operations ("roaring," head sinuses). 



Foreign body Pneumonia (Inhalation Pneumonia). — ^Defi- 

 nition. — ^Foreign body pneumonia is a clinical term used to 

 include all forms of inflammation of the lung due to the 

 entrance of coarse foreign matter. 



Etiology. — Foreign body pneumonia is due to the aspira- 

 tion of dust, gases, food, liquids, blood, pus, etc. While 

 it occurs in all animals the horse is the most common victim 

 due to improper drenching and the frequency in this animal 

 of pharyngitis, strangles, tetanus, encephalitis and purpura 

 in which diseases dysphagia is a common symptom. The 

 dysphagia following chloroform narcosis and attending 

 forage poisoning may also lead to it. In the ox the pharyn- 

 geal paralysis occurring in parturient paresis is the most 

 common etiological factor, paunch contents being regurgi- 

 tated and liquid medicines unskilfully given reaching the 

 windpipe. Foreign material (sharp objects) may also pene- 

 trate the lung from the reticulum. 



The foreign material per se is not the cause of the pneu- 

 monia, but various microorganisms for which it paves the way. 

 Bacteriologically staphylococci, streptococci, the necrosis 

 bacillus, and various other septic organisms occur in the 

 inflamed lung tissue, depending on the individual case. 



Necropsy. — On postmortem it will be noted that the 

 foreign material has produced bronchitis and areas of 

 bronchopneumonia. Due to the entrance of pus bacteria 



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