ROUND WORMS IN THE STOMACH OF THE OX 151 



8 to 9 mm. In some parts of Europe 90 per cent, of cattle 

 slaughtered are found infested. 



Cooperia oncophora, male 5 to 9 mm. long; female 6 to 

 8 mm. 



Trichostrongylus" axei, male 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; female 

 4.5 to 5 mm. 



For the development of these parasites appropriate books 

 on zoology should be consulted. 



Necropsy. — ^In advanced cases the cadaver is emaciated 

 and may show subcutaneous dropsical swellings. The 

 mucous membrane of the abomasum is swollen, edematous, 

 shows punctiform hemorrhages and is sometimes strewn 

 with whitish-gray, pin-head sized elevations, each sur- 

 mounted by a clear vesicle as big as a poppy seed. Croupous 

 patches may also develop on the mucous membrane. In 

 the contents of the abomasum occur a large number of 

 living parasites. 



Symptoms. — The clinical symptoms develop in the late 

 summer or fall and are very similar to those observed in 

 sheep. In the feces a few parasites may be found. 



Diagnosis. — ^The diagnosis depends upon a microscopic 

 examination of the feces for the characteristic eggs. Due 

 to the development of a croupous membrane a differentia- 

 tion from Johne's disease should be considered. 



Treatment. — ^Treatment is not very satisfactory. Among 

 the simpler remedies recommended is tobacco. Leaf 

 tobacco, coarsely pulverized, is mixed with salt and the 

 cattle given access to it. A decoction of tobacco leaf may 

 be given as a drench. It should contain not more than 

 3iij of tobacco. Cold-tar creosote (giv to Oj, depending 

 upon size of patient) is recommended. Copper sulphate is 

 useful. It may be given in rain water in doses of 5iss to 



3iij. 



Building up the animal with abundant food and good 

 care is most important. To prevent spread it is recom- 

 mendable to feed in a bare barnyard so that the infested 

 droppings may be destroyed and the feed troughs kept 

 disinfected. Cattle should be kept off infested pastures for 

 one year. Such pastures should be put in crops especially 

 corn to destroy worm brood. 



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