228 DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS 



HEMATURIA. 



Definition. — By hematuria is meant blood in the urine. 

 This is a symptom of several diseases of the kidney, bladder 

 and urethra. It is also associated with infectious diseases 

 (purpura, anthrax), poisoning (turpentine, gasoline) and 

 blood diseases (leukemia). 



HEMOGLOBINURIA. 



Definition. — ^The presence of hemoglobin without blood in 

 the urine. It is a symptom of several different diseases 

 (azoturia, Texas fever, etc.). 



PARASITES IN THE KIDNEY. 



Eustrongylus Gigas. — ^This parasite is rare in horses and 

 cattle. It is a large worm about the diameter of a lead- 

 pencil, varying in length, depending upon the sex, from 

 13 cm. to 1 m., the male being the smaller. It is not known 

 how the worm enters the pelvis of the kidney. It produces 

 a suppurative pyelonephritis, and eventually total destruc- 

 tion of the kidney, which is transformed into a thick-walled 

 sac containing pus and the coiled worm. In large animals 

 the symptoms are very vague, as usually but one kidney is 

 involved. 



A diagnosis can be made only by finding the brown- 

 colored oval eggs, showing on the surface numerous round 

 depressions. The worm may occasionally pass through the 

 ureters to the bladder, where it produces cystitis. Treat- 

 ment is not satisfactory in large animals. 



Other Parasites in the Kidneys. — ^The larvae of the scleros- 

 tomum are found in the kidneys of the horse, where they 

 give rise to hemorrhage from the renal arteries. In swine 

 the Stephanurus dentatum is not uncommon in the fat 

 (leaf lard) surrounding the kidney, and more rarely in the 

 kidney itself. It is usually found on slaughter. Cysticercus 

 cellulosse has been found in the kidney of pigs; Echinococcus 

 polymorphus in the kidney of sheep. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



