ENCEPHALITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN 241 



Furthermore amaurosis, deafness, muscular paralysis fre- 

 quently follow in the wake of the disease. 



Treatment. — ^The treatment consists in placing the animal 

 in a cool, darkened, well ventilated stall, best in a box stall 

 where. it may run free, using short straw for bedding so that 

 its feet will not be entangled. The food should be easily 

 digestible; if the animal cannot eat, rectal feeding may be 

 resorted to. To the poll cold applications may be applied. 

 Internally, provided the animal can swallow, cooling laxa- 

 tives such as salts should be given. Pilocarpin (3 to 6 grs. 

 subcutaneously) is recommendable. Arecalin (1 to 2 grs. 

 subcutaneously) can also be employed. In the early stages 

 bleeding has been tried with apparently good results. 



When the animal is very restless and excited clysters of 

 chloral hydrate may be used. Convalescence is usually 

 protracted. 



ENCEPHALITIS. INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 



Definition. — ^Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain 

 which is usually circumscribed and confined to certain well 

 defined areas. It nearly always results from infection and 

 appears either as a suppurative or a non-suppurative process. 



Non-suppurative Encephalitis. — -Definition. — ^Non-suppura- 

 tive encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue 

 occurring usually in the form of multiple foci which some- 

 times are hemorrhagic. It is not an uncommon sequel to 

 acute infectious diseases although it may occur independent 

 of these. 



Occurrence. — While any of the domestic animals are sub- 

 ject to it, it is most frequent in the horse and dog. 



Etiology. — ^Non-suppurative encephalitis is the result of 

 infection or bacterial intoxication. In the first instance it 

 may be secondary to specific infectious diseases (infectious 

 pneumonia of the horse, strangles), the viruses of these 

 diseases circulating through the brain, or it may be second- 

 ary to some local bacterial infection, the toxins of which 

 reach the brain. 



Cases of encephalitis may occxu- concomitant with or 

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