MALIGNANT EDEMA 309 



weeks later with both serum and vaccine. Older methods of 

 protective vaccines against anthrax are the Pasteur method 

 and the Sobernheim. The former requires two treatments 

 several days apart which postpones the immunity until 

 both are given or about ten days. The losses following the 

 use of this method are not insignificant. The latter is a 

 simultaneous serum-vaccine method and produces immediate 

 immunity. The vaccine, however, does not keep well. 



When anthrax breaks out in a herd the healthy animals 

 should be removed from this pasture and the affected ones 

 confined to a limited area on the pasture in which they are 

 found. Give large doses of anthrax serum alone to all 

 animals carrying temperature. Feverless animals may be 

 given the serum-vaccine treatment. Those given serum 

 alone may be given serum-vaccine after a lapse of ten days. 



Control. — ^The principal factors in the control of anthrax 

 are: 



(a) The proper disposal of all anthrax carcasses. They 

 should not be skinned nor the flesh fed to dogs or swine. 

 Opening them should be avoided. 



(b) The prompt treatment of herds in which anthrax 

 occurs with serum-vaccine. 



(c) The prevention of outbreaks in animals pastm^ed on 

 known infected land by a regular seasonal vaccination. 



{d) The tile draining and cropping of infected land to 

 eliminate wet places, stagnant pools, which may not only 

 harbor anthrax spores but form the breeding places of insects 

 which may be carriers of infection. 



(e) Hair, wool, hides, infected harness, stable utensils, 

 etc., should be disinfected by heat or a formalin solution 

 (5 per cent.). Infected premises, barns, sheds, stables, etc., 

 should be thoroughly disinfected. 



(/) Healthy animals in the neighborhood of infected ones 

 should be protected against blood-sucking insects which 

 may be carriers of anthrax. 



MALIGNANT EDEMA. 



Definition. — ^Malignant edema is an acute, fatal, infectious 

 disease, characterized by the formation of edematous swell- 



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