HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 321 



lowed by a second in twelve days; the other is known as 

 the simultaneous (serum and cultures together) method of 

 Lorenz and Laclainche, which also requires that the vaccina- 

 tion be once repeated. 



HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. PASTEURELLOSIS. 



Under the collective term "hemorrhagic septicemia" is 

 gathered a group of diseases characterized by general septi- 

 cemic infection (blood spots appearing in the skin, serous 

 membranes, bones and joints), and in the tissues one of the 

 varieties of a belted or cocoa bacillus known as the Bacterium 

 bipolaris septicum or the Bacterium Pasteurella. 



Under this head are usually included the following diseases : 

 Chicken cholera, rabbit septicemia, hemorrhagic septicemia of 

 cattle, septic pneumonia of calves, the buffalo plague, hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia of sheep, takosis of goats (?), swine plague, 

 and enzootic pneumonia of shoats. 



At the present time, for lack of sufficient experimental data, 

 it is difficult to decide just what relationship the bipoled bac- 

 teria bear to the diseases they are supposed to cause. The 

 fact that the bipoled bacilli are found in the tissues and body 

 fluids after death is not proof that they were the primary 

 cause of the disease present. Furthermore, they are not 

 infrequently met with in animals which showed no symptoms 

 of disease. Prior to the discovery and use of the Dorset 

 serum to prevent hog-cholera, a disease among swine, due to 

 a bipoled microorganism, was recognized. It was called 

 "swine plague." At that time the cause of hog-cholera was 

 thought to be a bacillus which resembled somewhat the 

 typhoid bacillus of man. For a time it was believed that in- 

 asmuch as anti-hog-cholera serum seemed also to protect 

 against this swine plague, which frequently occurred associ- 

 ated with hog-cholera outbreaks, a mistake had been made 

 in dividing hog-cholera into two diseases. In the last few 

 years, however, field work with anti-hog-cholera serum has 

 developed that in some outbreaks, which symptomatically 

 and patho-anatomically resembled hog-cholera, no protection 

 was afforded. It has, therefore, been assumed that the out- 

 21 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



