HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 323 



meninges. The heart, hver, and kidneys show cloudy swell- 

 ing. The spleen is not enlarged. The urine is sometimes 

 blood-tinged. In the skin (exanthematous) form the subcutis 

 of the region of the throat and neck shows gelatinous infiltra- 

 tion spotted with blood patches. The mucous membrane 

 of the digestive tract is swollen and shows petechise. The 

 tongue is swollen, and submucous infiltrations are noted in 

 the pharynx and larynx. The bowel contents are usually 

 semiliquid and frequently chocolate colored. Blood appar- 

 ently normal. In the pectoral form serofibrinous pleuritis 

 with bronchopneumonia is found. The interlobular septa are 

 markedly infiltrated, forming broad, yellow strands. Blood 

 extravasations occur under the plem-a. 



Symptoms. — ^The period of incubation is short, usually one 

 to two days. The symptoms are not particularly character- 

 istic and quite varied, depending upon whether or not the 

 intestinal, exanthematous, or pectoral form is present. 



Intestinal Form. — ^The animal appears dull and shows a 

 staggering gait and loss of sensitiveness in the skin; in some 

 cases the neck is bent to one side (torticollis), the muscles of 

 the neck and jaw twitching; nystagmus is also seen. Occa- 

 sionally forced movements are noted, the patient rapidly 

 wheeling in a circle, using the hind feet as a pivot (clock-hand 

 movements). During these paroxysms, which occur inter- 

 mittently, the patient may utter lowing cries. Diarrhea may 

 or may not be present. There is drooling from the mouth and 

 a persistent nervous champiag of the jaws. The tongue is 

 swollen and cyanotic. High fever is noted, in some cases the 

 temperature, especially after a nervous paroxysm, reaching 

 108° F. and over. Some authorities, however, have found 

 the temperature normal or even subnormal. 



Exanthematous Form. — ^This form is less frequent in Ameri- 

 can outbreaks. Inflammatory edema of the head, neck, 

 throat, and dewlap appears. The swellings may extend to the 

 body and limbs. They are pronouncedly hot and painful. 

 Conjunctivitis with profuse lacrimosis may be present. The 

 tongue is edematously swollen, filling the whole mouth cavity, 

 and is cyanotic. Drooling is noted. The patient is dyspneic, 

 the mucous membranes are dark- colored and show petechise. 



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