HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 329 



Protective Inoculation. — Good results were obtained in 

 Argentine by the use of a polyvalent vaccine of which lambs 

 were given each J c.c. injected subcutaneously. Polyvalent 

 immunizing serum was also effective. 



In several herds of infected lambs the serum of the horse 

 which had been hyper immunized with cultures of the Bac- 

 terixmi ovisepticum proved of practical value. The serum 

 was given simultaneously with the vaccine. In these experi- 

 ments, as the immunity lasted only six weeks, a second 

 inoculation with vaccine is recommended at the end of one 

 month. This simultaneous method proved efScacious in 

 that it stopped the spread of the disease and in most cases 

 healed lambs already infected. 



Hemorrhagic Septicemia of Swine {Swine Plague). — 

 General Remarks. — ^The existence of hemorrhagic septicemia 

 occurring in swine as a clinical entity has been denied by some 

 authorities. In the early eighties in America and later on 

 the Continent of Europe, as a result of much scientific re- 

 search, hemorrhagic septicemia was established as a dis- 

 tinct disease, separated from hog-cholera and called " swine 

 plague." Its cooccurrence with hog-cholera was admitted, 

 and has since been reaffirmed. It is thought, especially by 

 the producers of anti-hog-cholera sera, to explain some of 

 the failures in the use of serum to prevent cholera as being 

 due to the presence of swine plague against which anti-hog- 

 cholera sera offer no protection. Irrespective of these claims 

 and the denials of some authorities as to the existence of 

 hemorrhagic septicemia in swine, enough scientific evidence 

 seems at hand to warrant placing swine plague in a chapter 

 by itself, and considering it a disease separate and distinct 

 from hog-cholera. 



Definition. — ^Hemorrhagic septicemia of swine is an infec- 

 tious disease due to a variety of the B. bipolaris. It appears 

 in two forms: A general septicemia, and as a pneumonia. 



Occurrence. — ^Hemorrhagic septicemia occurs sporadically 

 and rarely becomes epizootic. It is often seen accompanying 

 an outbreak of hog-cholera, or it may attack independently 

 individual herds in a community but showing no tendency to 

 spread from farm to farm. 



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