436 CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 



a rule the nodes and abscesses are surrounded by connective 

 tissue capsules. In some instances from connective-tissue 

 proliferation the liver may attain several times its normal 

 weight. • 



Spleen. — ^Tuberculosis of the spleen is usually confined to 

 a few small tubercles scattered through the parenchyma of 

 the organ. The spleen is usually affected in young cattle 

 only. 



Kidneys. — A tubercular nephritis is common in old cattle. 

 In the parenchyma of the kidney caseous tubercles are noted 

 surrounded by connective tissue capsules. By confluence 

 larger nodes form which may proliferate into the pelvis of the 

 kidney. The ureters, bladder, and urethra may be involved. 



Genital Organs. — In male animals the epididymis and the 

 testes are most frequently elected; in the female the uterus 

 and uterine tubes. In the uterus round tubercles may be 

 palpated in the early stages, but later, due to connective- 

 tissue proliferation, the walls becoming greatly thickened 

 and rigid, isolated tubercles may not be felt. Tubercles, case- 

 ous or calcified, of grayish-white color, are found on section. 

 In some instances superficial tubercles may lead to ulceration 

 of the uterine mucosa. 



Udder. — Tuberculosis of the udder appears as caseous or 

 calcified nodes in the parenchyma of the organ, usually in the 

 neighborhood of which smaller foci are present. As a rule 

 only the hind quarters are afi^ected. In some cases an enor- 

 mous enlargement of the tubercular quarter or quarters 

 occurs, while in others, on the contrary, an atrophy is noted. 

 In the wall of the milk ducts, milk cistern and even teat 

 canals, small tubercles find their seat, the lumen being filled 

 with a cheesy detritus and sometimes a turbid, yellowish- 

 green fluid. 



In recent cases of embolic infection the lobules of the 

 quarters concerned are swollen, and on section are found 

 strewn with grayish tubercles, the intervening connective 

 tissue showing numerous caseous areas from the size of a 

 millet seed to that of a pea. The supramammary lymph 

 glands are in all cases tubercular. 



Tuberculosis of the central nervous system, bone, joints 



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