448 CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEAS;ES 



repeat the vaccination each year would be expensive, and the 

 consequent elimination of bacilli highly infective to man 

 makes the method hazardous. 



2. Koch-Schiitz Method. — Consists in injecting an einul- 

 sion of tubercle bacilli of human type into the veins of cattle. 

 Nearly six months later three cattle so treated were still 

 resistant enough to overcome highly virulent cultures of 

 bovine tubercle bacilli with which they were inoculated. 

 Subsequent experiments showed the immunity produced to 

 be short-lived, not lasting a year. 



3. Klimmer's Method. — Two strains of human tubercle 

 bacilli are employed, one which has been attenuated by 

 heating to 52° C, and the other by being repeatedly passed 

 through the salamander. The bacilli used are non-virulent 

 (even to guinea pigs) and passage through animals does not 

 revive their pathogenic properties. The vaccine (called 

 "antiphymatol") is injected subcutaneously (5 c.c). The 

 injection should be repeated at least once a year. In infected 

 individuals, where it is said to have therapeutic value, it is 

 given every three months. Hygienic measures (separation, 

 removal of open cases, feeding calves sterile milk, etc.), 

 are recommended to accompany the vaccination. 



4. Heyman's Method. — Consists in inserting under the-skin 

 of cattle a gelatin capsule containing tubercle bacilli (human 

 or bovine). The metabolic products of the bacilli diffuse 

 through the walls of the capsule and are taken up by the 



jlymph, eventually impregnating the whole organism. Im- 

 munity is produced and In tubercular animals a curative 

 effect is claimed. Cattle of any age, whether tubercular 

 or not, may be treated by this method (once yearly for 

 durable immunity), for which good results are attested by 

 the originator. 



INTESTINAL PARATUBERCULOSIS. JOHNE'S DISEASE. 



Specific Ci-ihonic Enteritis of the Ox. Chronic 

 Bacterial Dysentery. 



Definition. — A chronic, contagious disease of the bowels of 

 cattle, which in the majority of cases leads to intermittent 



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