TRYPANOSOMIASIS 493 



and all young lambs (three to four months) die. Convales- 

 cence consumes several weeks. 



Treatment. — Internally, sulphate of quinin (grs. viij twice 

 daily) and Glauber salts (Bj to gij) are recommended. 

 Prevention consists in keeping the sheep from infested 

 pastures. 



TRYPANOSOMIASIS. 



Dourine.i — Deftnition. — Dourine is a specific, infectious 

 trypanosomiasis of breeding horses and asses, spread by 

 coitus. It is characterized by two distinct clinical stages, 

 viz., a primary stage which is a local disease of the genital 

 organs, and a secondary stage of general infection, which 

 induces nervous symptoms (polyneuritis), skin lesions, and 

 ' emaciation. 



Occurrence. — Dourine probably originated in the Orient, 

 from where it spread with the Arabian horse to Europe. 

 It is widely prevalent in Russia, Rumania, Spain, and 

 Algiers. The disease has invaded Germany, Austria, 

 France and Switzerland from time to time but vigorous 

 veterinary police regulations have held it in abeyance. 

 The United States has witnessed sporadic outbreaks, the 

 infection evidently spreading from imported European 

 stallions. In 1885 it was reported in Illinois, in 1892 in 

 Nebraska, in 1901 in South Dakota (Pine Ridge and Rosebud 

 Indian reservations), in 1903 in Iowa and in 1911 again in 

 Iowa. Since this date no further outbreaks have been noted. 

 By the vigorous methods of suppression employed by the 

 United States Bureau of Animal Industry, all of the above 

 cited outbreaks were effectually controlled and the disease, 

 eventually stamped out. As dourine is a chronic disease, 

 often difficult to diagnose and usually fatal, which spreads 

 readily among breeding horses, its economic importance is 

 great. 



Etiology. — ^The cause of dourine is the protozoon Try- 

 panosoma equiperdum discovered and described in 1896 

 by Rouget. In the United States the presence of this para- 



' From the Arabic, meaning unclean. 



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