Ps 
10 THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 
The French Percheron Society, however, uses a brand 
that is put on all stallions and mares recorded in its 
stud-book. It is a monogram of the letters S. and P., 
the initials of the society. It is branded on the neck under 
the mane. 
After successfully passing the inspection, the horses 
are classified in three grades. The first are known as 
“ subsidized ”’ or “ approved,” and to such a cash bonus 
is awarded to keep them in France on the owner’s farm, 
and available to outside mares. The other two are 
“ authorized ” and “ certified,” neither of which carries 
with it any subsidy. 
3. History in America.—The first importation to America 
was made in 1839, by Edward Harris, of Moorestown, New 
Jersey. The next importation was made in 1851, by 
Fullington and Martin of Milford Centre, Ohio. This 
importation was of far-reaching importance, although it 
consisted of but a single horse named ‘“‘ Louis Napoleon.” 
This horse was sold and taken to [Illinois in 1856, 
where he afterward passed into the hands of Mr. Dillon, 
of Normal, Illinois. ‘‘ Louis Napoleon” stood fifteen 
and one-half hands high and weighed about sixteen hun- 
dred pounds. He was, perhaps, the most noted horse 
of the breed that has been brought to America. It is 
estimated that he sired over four hundred colts that were 
used successfully for stud purposes. In 1851 and suc- 
ceeding years, other importations were made which helped 
to lay the foundation of the breed in America. In 1870, 
M. W. Dunham, of Wayne, Illinois, took up the importa- 
tion, since which time he and his family have imported and 
bred Percherons very extensively. Through his efforts the 
breed has gained much popularity inAmerica. Many other 
importers might be mentioned, but the list is now a long 
