THE HEAVY-HARNESS BREEDS OF HORSES 47 
in this respect to all the other breeds of light horses. 
Since the eighteenth century, the breed has been under- 
going evolution, and it may be said to have had its in- 
ception with Shales (699), variously called ‘The Orig- 
inal,” “‘ Old Shales,” and so on. This horse, in the history 
of the Hackney or Norfolk trotter, stands in relation to 
the breed very much as Hambletonian 10 does in that of 
the Standardbred horse or American trotter; and, 
curiously enough, their breeding is of surprising similarity. 
Shales (699) was sired by Blaze, a Thoroughbred horse, 
foaled in 1733. It is said that Blaze was not a Thorough- 
bred, but the best evidence we have credits him with 
being about as much so as any other horse of that early 
day. Blaze was by Flying Childers (a noted running 
horse), by the Darley Arabian. The dam of Blaze is 
asserted to have been by Grey Grantham, by Brownlow 
Turk out of a mare by the Duke of Rutland’s Black 
Barb. Now the same Blaze sired Sampson, the sire of 
Engineer, he the sire of Mambrino, and he, in turn, the 
sire of Messenger, which was imported to America and 
was the grandsire of Hambletonian 10. Again, the dam 
of Hambletonian 10 was the Charles Kent mare by Im- 
ported Bellfounder, a Norfolk trotter tracing back through 
the Fireaways to Driver, a son of Shales by Blaze. The 
dam of the Kent mare was One Eye, by Bishop’s Ham- 
bletonian, a son of Messenger. Yet again, Mambrino 
Chief was by Mambrino Paymaster, by Mambrino, by 
Messenger. So we have the two great lines of the Ameri- 
can trotter, Hambletonian 10 and Mambrino Chief 11, 
tracing back through Messenger to Blaze, and the most 
noted of the early sires of Hackneys or the Norfolk trotters 
going back to the same Blaze. May it not be reasonable 
to assume from these facts that the latter horse orig- 
