THE HEAVY-HARNESS BREEDS OF HORSES 57 
54. Organizations and records.— The societies de- 
voted to the breed are the English Hackney Horse Society, 
established in 1883, with the first stud-book published the 
following year, and the American Hackney Horse Society, 
with headquarters in New York City, established in 1891. 
The first volume of its stud-book was issued in 1893. 
Six volumes of the American Hackney Stud-books and the 
Annual Reports for 1914 and 1915 have been published, 
covering the registration of over 1700 stallions, over 2900 
mares and 224 foundation stock mares. 
Frency Coacu Horses. Fig. 10. 
By John A. Craig 
55. The name “ French Coach ” originated in America, 
and it is here the official designation of this breed of 
coach horses, although not in use in France, where the 
name ‘‘ Demi-sang ”’ prevails. 
There has always been a strong demand in most of the 
horse markets of the world for high-class coach or carriage 
teams. The fact that carriage teams of right type and 
action have brought unusually high prices in the horse mar- 
kets has always been a strong stimulus for their production. 
This of itself has led to the development of breeds suitable 
for the production of such horses in several countries, but 
an additional stimulus was added to the production of 
the French Coach through the French government being 
actuated by the desire to supply its army with the best 
remounts. The wisdom of this has already accrued to 
the advantage of the private individual, for superior 
carriage horses are always at a premium, and it remains 
for a war to bring to the attention of other nations the 
