THE HEAVY-HARNESS BREEDS OF HORSES 59 
there being (1) the stallions in the government service, 
(2) the stallions subsidized to the extent of $100 to $1000 
yearly while approved, and (3) the stallions authorized 
for public patronage. All others are prevented by a law 
passed in 1885 from standing at public service, although 
any owner, at his discretion, may use such for private 
purposes, a practice that is not encouraged. 
In the breeding operations of the government, a great 
variety of sources are drawn on. Thoroughbreds have 
been very extensively imported from England since the 
early days of the breed, and Hackneys have been freely 
imported and liberally used; in the inception of the 
breed, twenty to thirty Hackneys were imported annually. 
Heavy importations of Arabians and others from the 
Orient have been made, particularly in the early stages 
of government control, and even stallions of American 
breeding have been used. Niger, whose record is quoted 
elsewhere as among the best, was sired by the Hackney 
stallion Norfolk Phenomenon, and had an American-bred 
mare for his dam. Descendants of Norfolk Phenomenon 
were a popular line of breeding, and enter largely into the 
pedigrees of many of the Demi-sang. Another stallion 
that had considerable to do with the better type was 
Aemulus by Mambrino Pilot, and out of a Morgan-bred 
mare, Black Bess, consequently representing one of the 
old strains, common among our Standardbred trotters. 
This is mentioned to indicate further the variety of sources 
drawn on for foundation stock. In the production of 
trotters among the French Coach horses, one stallion, 
Fuchsia, holds about the same relation to the breed as 
Hambletonian 10 does to that of our American Standard- 
bred trotters, in the extent to which the blood of each 
predominates in the respective breeds. 
