THE HEAVY-HARNESS BREEDS OF IIORSES 65 
Friesland, near the Holland boundary, where buyers from 
Holland, Belgium and Germany found superior horses. 
A government stud was established at Ilo, which con- 
tained 182 horses in 1648. At Harlingerland, in East 
Friesland, government studs were in operation, and re- 
ports refer to these as far back as 1712, when sixteen 
stallions were used for the service of 819 mares. In 
1889, in this same region, fifteen stallions were used 
on 1421 mares. While the Thoroughbred was ex- 
tensively used in the formation of the French Coach 
horse, the Germans made little use of English blood in 
the development of their horses, particularly in the breed- 
ing of horses for cavalry. The Germans demanded a 
horse possessing much substance. In other horse-breed- 
ing countries, particularly England and France, we find 
draft and coach horses being developed side by side, which 
leads to a division of labor, the heavy or draft horses doing 
the heavy work, and the light horses doing the lighter 
work. In Germany, the same breed often serves both 
purposes. It is interesting to note that no attempt has 
been made to breed horses for speed as in England and 
France. It seems that the prevailing idea was to produce 
a heavier horse suitable for general purpose and for mili- 
tary service. 
Government supervision of horse-breeding in Germany 
has obtained for centuries. The use of stallions on mares 
of East Friesland was regulated by royal edict for many 
years. It was made a law that no permits should be 
issued authorizing the use of stallions, unless the latter 
had passed a satisfactory government inspection. At 
the present time, both the government and the agricul- 
tural societies promote intelligent horse-breeding. Prizes 
are awarded to animals of special merit, and such animals 
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