84 THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 
to the breeding of the Standardbred trotter. Suffice it 
to mention Bonnie Scotland, Australian Trustee, Lapidis 
and Glencoe. The influence of these was chiefly through 
their American-bred sons and daughters. 
90. Influence of American horses. — Let us now con- 
sider the status of the horses in use on this continent as 
road horses or trotters, about the time (1788) that Mes- 
senger was imported. In the earliest colonial days, most 
of the traveling was done on horseback, and a race most 
popular for journeying this way was the Narragansett 
pacer, bred most largely in Rhode Island. In addition, 
this pacer was the racing horse of the people of Rhode 
Island and Virginia as early as the last of the seventeenth 
century. Dr. McMonagle states: ‘‘ The combination of 
these (Narragansett) with the French stock imported 
from France to Quebec, in 1665, produced the Canadian 
pacers. Out of that combination we have the Pilots, 
which were taken to Kentucky and proved to be the pro- 
ducers of some of the best trotting horses there. From 
the same stock we have the Columbuses, which were taken 
to Vermont, where they produced trotters of which the 
fastest went in 2: 194 — a daughter of Phil Sheridan, the 
most potent sire of the family.”’ It seems clear to the 
above writer that the Narragansett pacer was chiefly the 
original source of the Canadian blood so largely taken to 
Kentucky and other states at an early day. 
Justin Morgan, the founder of the family of that name, 
was foaled in 1793 (some authorities give it 1789), and 
Pilot, about the first to attract the attention of the Ameri- 
can public, was foaled about 1826. The Pilots, St. Law- 
rences, St. Clairs, Columbuses and Copperbottoms were 
taken from Canada at the beginning of the last century to 
Vermont, New York, Kentucky, California and other 
