158 THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 
of most breeds of ponies. Distinct types of ponies are 
found in almost every country, the chief types being the 
Arab and his near allies, the Turks, Barbs and Persians, 
the Mongolian, Japanese, Korean, Burma and Manipuri 
pony, Sumatra and Java pony, Russian, Scandinavian or 
Norwegian pony, the Celtic or pony of Iceland, the ponies 
of the British Isles, and, in America, the ponies of the 
western states. While some of these, perhaps, are only 
of remote interest in America at present, it has been 
thought best to discuss most of them briefly. 
188. Use and value of the pony. — The usefulness 
and value of the pony is just beginning to be appreciated 
in America. Ponies cost much less to feed, consume less 
and thrive on rougher food than the large horse, and they 
will travel as far; many, in fact, will outdistance the 
large horse. The thirteen-hand pony will do a horse’s 
work on half his feed and requires less attendance. 
Ponies have better feet, legs and wind, and are less sus- 
ceptible to disease than large horses. They stand more 
hardship, recover more quickly from fatigue and live 
longer. They have, moreover, much greater intelligence, 
and for this reason are much less likely to take fright at 
objects on the road. 
The principal cause of the marked superiority in con- 
stitution of the present-day pony over the horse, and 
of his greater intelligence, is accounted for by his having 
to shift for himself on the hills and wastes, and this 
hardiness and intelligence is transmitted to generations 
born in domestication. The horse reared in captivity 
with everything done for his comfort, has not the same 
toughness as the pony; no demand is made on his intel- 
ligence, and his mental faculties remain, to a great ex- 
tent, undeveloped. In the pony, unsoundness of ‘wind 
