THE BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE 203 
Shorthorns that has made an impression on every careful 
student of the early history of the breed. 
234. Other English breeders. — Among others, the fol- 
lowing breeders were identified with the early history of 
the breed: Sir William St. Quintin, Sir James Pennyman, 
and Messrs. Milbank, Sharter, Pickering, Stephenson, 
Wetherell, Maynard, Dobinson, Charge, Wright, Hutchin- 
son, Snowden, Waistell, Richard and William Barker, 
Brown, Hall, Hill, Best, Watson, Baker, Thompson, 
Jackson, Smith, Jolly, Masterman, Wallace and Robert- 
son. 
Darlington was for years looked on as the center of 
Shorthorn interests, although, strange as it may seem, 
there is but little activity in breeding Shorthorns in that 
section at the present time. 
235. Thomas Bates of Kirklevington. — Thomas Bates, 
who was destined to become such an important factor 
in the breeding of Shorthorn cattle, purchased his first 
stock in 1800. He had previously been a breeder of Ky- 
loes or West Highland cattle. He was well prepared for 
the work he undertook, and established families of Short- 
horns of such pronounced individuality and recognized 
excellence of pedigree that they were at one time by far 
the most popular strain of the breed. Prices were paid 
during “boom times” for Bates’ Shorthorns that have 
never been approached by Shorthorns of other lines of 
breeding. Thomas Bates was a stickler for pedigree. 
He assumed that cattle bred along certain specified lines 
would produce, when mated, almost invariably certain 
desired results. The particular family or tribe which he 
developed most and favored most was the Duchess. 
Fabulous prices have been paid for representatives of this 
family. The highest recorded price, $40,600, was paid 
