220 THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 
wanting a hornless race of dual-purpose cattle. They 
are, however, better fitted to give satisfaction as beef- 
producers than in the dairy. During the early history 
of the breed much attention was paid to color and milking 
qualities. Red was preferred, but in later years roans 
have come to be looked on with more favor. With the 
increase in numbers comes the opportunity to make more 
careful selections, and the breed is making rapid advance- 
ment both in real merit and public esteem. It possesses 
considerable prepotency. 
Nearly all Polled Durhams that are being recorded 
at the present time are pure Shorthorn in blood, and 
breeders are striving to produce, as nearly as possible, 
the ideal Shorthorn, minus the horns. Polled Durhams 
are judged by the same standards as are Shorthorns, 
and in nearly all large shows Polled Durhams are judged 
by a Shorthorn breeder. 
253. Standards. — There are two somewhat distinct 
lines of blood to be found among Polled Durhams. These 
are designated as Double-Standard and Single-Standard 
Polled Durhams. 
Double-Standard Polled Durhams include the hornless 
Shorthorns that are eligible for record in the American 
Shorthorn Herd-book, as well as the American Polled 
Durham Herd-book. They are the result of retaining, as 
breeding animals, hornless Shorthorns, which occasion- 
ally appear as freaks in Shorthorn herds.!. The most of 
the Double-Standard Polled Durhams are from the three 
families, White Rose, Young Phyllis and Gwynne. 
Single-Standard Polled Durhams are eligible for record 
in the Polled Durham record only. This branch of Polled 
1Tt is now known that the horned and polled characters are Mendelian, 
recessive and dominant respectively. 
