234 THE BREEDS OF LIV E-STOCK 
fords that will be popular because of their meritorious 
qualities other than the polled condition. 
Two associations of the breeders of Polled Herefords 
have been organized, one of which is called the American 
Polled Hereford Cattle Club, with the office of its secretary 
at Des Moines, Iowa. The other organization is called 
the National Polled Hereford Breeders’ Association, and 
has its office in Chicago, Illinois. Both of these small or- 
ganizations have begun the preparation of herd-books for 
Polled Herefords, accepting for registration the double- 
standard variety of Polled Herefords, and also other 
naturally Polled Herefords that are not eligible to registry 
in the American Hereford Record. 
Literature. — In England there is a History of Hereford Cattle, 
by Macdonald and Sinclair (1886), that is very valuable, as treating 
of this breed in its native home. An excellent history of Hereford 
Cattle by Alvin H. Sanders has just been published by the Breeders’ 
Gazette of Chicago. 
ABERDEEN-ANGUS CaTTLE. Plate VIII. Figs. 38, 39. 
By John 8S. Goodwin 
266. The Aberdeen-Angus is a breed of cattle main- 
tained primarily for beef-production. It is a hornless or 
muley type. 
267. Origin. — Hornless cattle have existed for many 
centuries. Disregarding the uncertain, although probable, 
references of four to five thousand years ago, such cattle 
are definitely mentioned by Tacitus, the Roman historian. 
Herds of hornless cattle, at different times, have come into 
existence in various parts of the world. One of the largest 
of these is found in South America; another has grown up 
