THE BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE 280 
in Austria, and, within the last few years, hornless cattle 
have been developed among the well-established horned 
breeds, such as the Hereford, Jersey and Shorthorn, with 
which the wearing of horns seemed to be a fixed trait. 
Many words have been used to express this hornless con- 
dition in cattle, and they are known variously as humblies 
(humlies), muleys, doddies, hornless and polled. The 
latter term has become most generally in use to designate 
the Scotch hornless cattle. All of these words simply 
mean “ lacking horns.” 
268. History in Scotland. — In Scotland, two breeds 
of such cattle have existed so long that history does not 
record their origins. These are the Galloway, whose 
habitat is the southwestern coast of Scotland, and the 
Aberdeen-Angus, which had its origin in the northeastern 
part of Scotland. It is somewhat difficult to describe 
these breeds so that representatives of each may be 
readily distinguished ; both are hornless, both black and 
both come from Scotland. Generally speaking, the 
Galloways are much longer-haired, larger-boned, more 
square-framed and somewhat slower-maturing, while the 
Aberdeen-Angus are sleek-haired, small-boned, round in 
the barrel and hind-quarters and early-maturing. 
The earliest attempt to improve the polled cattle of 
the northeast of Scotland began in Angusshire, which is 
now a part of Forfarshire, and was undertaken by the late 
Hugh Watson of Keillor. His ancestors had been breeding 
these cattle on the Keillor farm for more than two hundred 
years when Hugh Watson began in 1805. Not many 
years later, cattle-breeders in Aberdeenshire began im- 
proving the same kind of cattle, and a considerable rivalry 
sprang up between the different localities. According to 
the location, the cattle were known as the Angus Doddies 
