THE BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE 243 
during the Scoto-Saxon period.”” George Buchanan, 
tutor to James I, of England, writing about 1566, says 
of Galloway: ‘It is more fruitful in cattle than in 
corn.” 
The breed was of great importance during the Scoto- 
Saxon period. In the early ages dairying was an object 
of considerable attention. Large quantities of cheese 
were made and the people consumed much animal flesh. 
There was also an extensive export trade in hides. Ata 
later period, immediately after the union of England and 
Scotland, the farmers of England became extensive pur- 
chasers of Galloway cattle. During this activity the 
Galloways found much favor among the graziers of the 
south of England and the butchers of Smithfield market, 
and they invariably sold at an average price £2 a head 
above that of any other breed of the same weight. The 
breed was much improved during this period as well as 
later when turnip husbandry was introduced into the 
province of Galloway. A circumstance worthy of atten- 
tion is that the breed has never been affected by crossing 
with any other breed. The improvement has been brought 
about entirely by the diligent attention and careful 
management of the breeders of Galloway and of the corn- 
belt of America. 
Although the Galloway is the oldest of the pure breeds 
of Britain, there has been very little written about the 
breed, and the records that were collected during the 
early part of the last century were destroyed by fire 
in the Highland and Agricultural Society’s Museum 
and Records in Edinburgh in 1851. Some time later, 
about the year 1862, a book of pedigrees was compiled, 
which contained pedigrees of both Aberdeen-Angus and 
Galloways. Still a little later, about the year 1878, the 
