288 THE BREEDS OF LIVE-STOCK 
for and feeding them. In some sections of Holland “ they 
are found on lands covered with water plants and grass of 
small nutritive value.” In northern Russia they are 
successfully kept in the frigid climate near the Arctic 
circle. The only hard-and-fast rule for feeding is: 
“ Feed abundantly well-balanced rations.” The breeders 
in Holland and Friesland confine their cattle in their 
stables constantly from the middle of November through 
the winter till the middle of May, apparently without 
injury to them, at much less expénse of food and with 
greater production of milk than results from the practice 
of daily exposure to the outside atmosphere, as in 
America. Their method requires, however, much greater 
air space per animal, and hence that they be confined in 
much larger buildings. 
320. Distribution. —- This race of cattle is widely dis- 
tributed on the continent of Europe, prevailing especially 
in northern France and along the shores of the English 
Channel and the North sea, as far as Denmark. It is the 
leading dairy breed in Russia, occupying the shores of 
the River Dwina and the White sea nearly to the Arctic 
circle. It is firmly established in nearly every province 
of Germany, in Italy, Sweden and Denmark. It is also 
bred in South Africa, and is being introduced into Japan 
and China. Introduced into the United States less than 
sixty years ago, it has spread to every important dairy 
section of this country and to Canada, and more recently 
to Mexico. It is especially adapted to rich, level grass- 
lands and to densely populated, highly civilized countries 
in which milk and its every product, and veal of superior 
quality, are in demand. 
321. Organizations and records. — Organizations for 
the promotion of the interests of this breed were closely 
