THE DUAL-PURPOSE BREEDS OF CATTLE 319 
Devon Carttie. Figs. 59, 60. 
By L. P. Sisson 
361. The Devon is a dual-purpose breed of cattle, 
containing both beef and dairy types. Because of the 
bright red color the animals are sometimes called 
“ Rubies.” 
362. History in England. — From time immemorial 
there has been known in the south and west of England 
and on the borders of Wales, especially in the county of 
Devon, a breed of cattle of uniform red color, rather long 
and graceful horns, well- 
rounded and symmetri- 
cal bodies and straight, 
broad backs, rather 
lighter in bone than 
some other breeds and 
shorter in the legs, thus 
possessing many of the 
characters of the present- 
day Devon. They were gentle and hardy, active and 
accustomed to gaining their living while roaming over the 
bleak moors or rocky hills of their rough native country. 
Here they were known as the “red” cows. They were 
the main reliance of their owners for dairy products. 
These mountain-bred cattle were sought after as ‘‘feeders”’ 
in Devon, Cornwall and Somerset, as well as in Hereford. 
Among the early breeders of importance should be 
mentioned the Quartly and Davy families, through whose 
efforts the Devons were greatly improved. For several 
generations the Quartly family devoted themselves to 
improving the Devons, and Francis Quartly, who began 
Fic. 59.— Devon bull. 
