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roots. I was successful in raising about eighteen 

 hundred bushels of flat turnips last season on 

 about two and a half acres of land, and with 

 very little labor. Early in the spring we covered 

 the ground with about fifty loads of manure from 

 one of the sheep sheds, and plowed it in about 

 seven inches deep. Just before the time arrived 

 to put in ruta baga seed, the ground was har- 

 rowed, another light dressing of fine manure put 

 on and worked in with a gang plow about three 

 inches deep. It was then well harrowed, and 

 the seed immediately sown. The seed proving 

 bad I gang-plowed the land again and sowed 

 new seed. This time the seed came beautifully, 

 but was soon destroyed by the turnip fly, when 

 as a last resort, I gang-plowed it again, sowed 

 the common purple-top turnip, and had the 

 result stated. On account of the frequent gang- 

 plowing by which the weeds were destroyed, 

 we had no trouble but to thin out the plants. 

 Part of the seed was put in with a large seed 

 planter, and part sowed broadcast, and in thin- 

 ning the plants where the seed was put in with 

 the planter, the work could be done in one-half 

 the time that was required where the seed was 

 sown broadcast. 



