164 APPENDIX 



This species winters, casually in eastern Massachusetts 

 and central New York, accidentally in Nova, Scotia and 

 regularly from Virginia to northern Florida. It is less 

 common in central Florida and has been recorded in the 

 Bermudas, Bahamas, Cuba,' Jamaica, Grenada, Carria- 

 cou, Panama and Costa Rica. Most of these localities 

 have only one record each, showing that the mallard is 

 only a straggler to the southeast of the United States. 

 There seems to be no record for Central America from 

 Costa Rica to Mexico. The species is a common winter 

 resident of northern Mexico and ranges south to Jalapa, 

 the Valley of Mexico, Colima and southern Lower Cali- 

 fornia. 



The northern winter limit in the interior is in Ohio, 

 northern Indiana, southern Wsconsin, Nebraska, Wyom- 

 ing and central Montana.' The species is common in win- 

 ter along the whole Pacific coast as far north as the Aleu- 

 tian Islands. 



Spring Migration. — It is among the earliest of ducks to 

 move northward and forms a large proportion of the early 

 flocks. The portion of the central Mississippi Valley 

 that forms the extreme winter range is invaded by the 

 spring migrants the latter part of February; Frankfort, 

 Ind. (average for ten years), Feb. 21; central Illinois 

 (twelve years), Feb. 22; central Missouri (sixteen years), 

 Feb. 26; Keokuk, la. (nine years), Feb. 24; southern 

 Kansas (eleven years), Feb. 18; southern Nebraska (five 

 years), Feb. 19. Just north of the winter range average 

 dates of spring arrival are : Erie, Pa., March 5 ; central 

 New York, March 23; Oberlin, O., March 21; southern 

 Michigan, March 9; southern Ontario, March 24; Ot- 

 tawa, Ont, March 27; Chicago, 111. (eleven years), March 



