APPENDIX 179 



Alberta (Edmonton), and on Great Slave Lake. Much 

 remains to be learned in regard to the nesting of the blue- 

 winged teal in the West Indies and Central America. It 

 breeds in Jamaica and in the Lesser Antilles, quite prob- 

 ably also in Honduras and in western Mexico (Mazat- 

 lan), near the southern end of Lower California. 



The resident teal of Jamaica probably should be sepa- 

 rated subspecifically as Querquedula discors inornata 

 (Gosse), but the eastern and western boundaries of this 

 form remain to be determined. 



Winter Range. — Blue-winged teal migrate over a vast 

 extent of territory, and are found in winter throughout 

 northern South America south to Brazil, Ecuador, Peru 

 and Chile. They occur abundantly in Central America, 

 Mexico and the West Indies, and are equally common 

 during the winter in the Gulf States and north to North 

 Carolina. In the Mississippi Valley few remain much 

 north of the Gulf, though these few are scattered widely 

 as far as southern Indiana and southern Illinois; a few 

 winter in Arizona, and the small number of Pacific coast 

 birds spend the winter in California and north to south- 

 ern British Columbia. 



North of North Carolina this teal can hardly be called 

 a common winter species, though it is not rare on Chesa- 

 peake Bay and winters even as far north as Delaware. 

 This species is one of the least hardy of our ducks, and 

 few individuals remain where there is cold and ice. 



Spring Migration. — The blue-winged teal is among the 

 latest ducks to migrate. The first was noted at Erie, Pa., 

 March 27, 1898 ; Templeton, Mass., April 1, 1898 ; Prince 

 Edward Island, April 20, 1888. In central Iowa, where 

 the hardy ducks appear in February, the blue-winged teal 



