Prevalence of Roaring. 31 



from the army. I found many instances of horses being 

 cast for Bearing more than two years after they returned to 

 England, so gradually did they deteriorate. Small horses 

 are, according to my experience, less frequently affected 

 with Roaring than large ones. In Egypt, it may be said 

 that, practically, all horses are imported, the country being 

 so ill-adapted to them, that few are bred in the cultivated 

 parts. In the desert the Bedouins breed some, but the 

 desert can hardly be called Egypt proper." 



Mr. Case, Senior Army Veterinary Surgeon in Egypt, in- 

 forms me that Bearing is rare, the horses most affected being 

 imported — chiefly English ; after them come, with regard 

 to liability, Australian horses, then French, Bussian, and, 

 lastly, Hungarian horses. He had heard of only one case 

 in a native horse, and one case of recovery ; the affection 

 generally came on without any appreciable cause. From 

 extensive inquiries he learned that it was very seldom 

 observed in indigenous horses, and the Egyptians did not 

 consider it objectionable when it did occur. When he 

 wrote (August, 1888), he thought about eight per cent, of 

 the English army horses were Bearers; they were large, 

 tolerably well-bred animals, which had been affected for 

 years — probably soon after landing in 1882. The coarser- 

 bred horses were much less affected. He had never heard 

 of mules or donkeys becoming Boarers in Egypt. 



Mr. Beech, of the Army Veterinary Department, and attached 

 to the Egyptian Army, mentions that of 470 Arab horses in 

 that force there are only five affected. He has never seen a 

 case in an Egyptian country-bred horse. The Arab horses 

 from Bagdad, those of large size and probably town-bred, 

 are more liable to it than those from the desert; those 

 from Mesopotamia are seldom affected, and it is all but 

 unknown in Syrian desert-bred horses. He had never seen 

 a case among the horses of the Bomella and other Anazeh 

 tribes of Arabs, nor yet among those of the Shammiar 

 Arabs. When Arab horses are affected, the Boaring is 



