Prevalence of Roaring. 33 



crossing, and improved hygiene, rearing, and training. He 

 remarks that in that country certain breeds were more pre- 

 disposed to it than others, the old Norman carriage breed, 

 chiefly raised in the Cotentin, Bessin, etc., being notorious 

 for this unsoundness; and he states that, speaking generally, 

 Koaring is more frequently observed affecting heavy draught- 

 horses (chevaux de gros trait) than those bred for riding, and 

 in entire horses than geldings, and males than females. He 

 asserts that it is often observed in France in certain breeds 

 of horses obtained from Hanover and Holstein, resembling 

 the Norman horses of Cotentin. Riquet estimated, in 1847, 

 that in Holstein the number of carriage-horses affected with 

 Roaring was about eight per cent., while it was four per 

 cent, among those of medium size.^ 



Professor Goubaux stated at a meeting of the Socidt^ 

 Centrale de Mi^decine V^te'rinaire of Paris, in 1868, that 

 he had examined the larynges of 250 horses, and found 

 that one-lifth of the number had the characteristic wasted 

 muscles on the left side, indicating that the horses had been 

 Roarers. 



In the Veterinary Statistical Report of the French Army 

 for 1883,^ the latest published, I find the number of horses 

 cast and sold in France because of Roaring is 0'86 per 1,000, 

 and in Africa O'lO per 1,000. The greater number were in 

 cavalry, and it appears that horses aged eight and nine 

 years, and sixteen years and above, furnished the largest 

 proportion. Charon, veterinary surgeon of the Remount 

 Depot, Caen, shows that the defect is seriously prevalent 

 among French troop-horses.^ Of the horses purchased at his 

 depot during ten years, an average of 1-62 per cent, of the 

 geldings and 135 per cent, of the mares were Roarers; 

 this did not include the stallions, among which the defect 



1 "Reeueil de Medecine Veterinaire," 1847. 



2 " Eecueil deMemoires et Observations sur I'Hygiene et la Medecine 

 Yeterinaires Militaires," Paris, 1887. 



^ "Etude sur le Cornage Chronique," Paris, 1886. 



3 



