138 Roaring in Horses. 



some cases adhesion between the cartilages took place 

 sufficiently high to fix the arytsenoid well back out of 

 the way, and consequently to prevent Roaring, in others 

 this union occurred too low or was incomplete, and the 

 horses remained roarers. 



On the whole, the results obtained by the Professors 

 Giinther were unfavourable; and when Gerlach,^ of the 

 Berlin Veterinary School, was unsuccessful in effecting any 

 improvement in the condition of Roaring horses by partial 

 removal of the arytenoid cartilage, operation for the defect 

 appeared to be generally condemned in Germany. 



The distinguished Danish veterinarian, Stockfleth,^ 

 director of the Copenhagen Veterinary School, who visited 

 Hanover in 1857, concluded that removal of the upper part 

 of the left arytenoid cartilage would prevent the noise in 

 inspiration, and experimented in this direction. He en- 

 deavoured to avoid injuring the left vocal cord (which he said 

 was difficult), as he considered it should be left entire, in 

 order to maintain the remains of the arytsenoid cartilage in 

 situ. But he found that, though operation was limited 

 to the upper part of the cartilage, yet considerable swelling 

 ensued, owing to inflammation of the perichondrium ; the 

 glottal space was consequently much encroached upon, and 

 therefore the Roaring persisted. But when the healing 

 process took place without perichondritis and tumefaction, 

 the noise was no longer perceptible, and the horse was fit 

 for work. In Stockfleth's hands, however, the operation was 

 almost as uncertain as in those of the Giinthers, and deaths 

 from asphyxia were not infrequent, while some of the horses 

 operated on were worse than before. He considered that 

 the operator must be twice favoured by fortune to be suc- 

 cessful : he must have removed sufficient of the arytsenoid 

 cartilage, without wounding the vocal cord or thyroid carti- 

 1 " G-erichtliohe Thierheilkunde," 1862. 



= "Handbuch dea Thierarztlichen Chirurgie." Translated from 

 Danish by C. Steffen, Leipzig, 1881, p. 263. 



