OBIGIK AND KIKDS OF BUDS. 33 



roots downward and its leaves upward, having a kind of 

 individual existence in the performance of its natural 

 functions. All buds that might appear on the stem, and 

 of the regular order, were supposed to be developed dor- 

 mant or latent buds that had remained inactive from 

 the time they were originally produced on the young 

 stem when it was first clothed with leaves. The idea 

 that buds could be developed or formed out of the young 

 ^ ceU-matter at any time or at any point, on certain kinds 

 of plants, seems never to have occurred to many of these 

 earlier investigators, and, I may add, even to some still 

 living. That buds do lie dormant £or a time — years in 

 some instances — must be admitted, but this will not ac- 

 count for their frequent appearance on parts of plants 

 where no bud could have previously existed, as on the 

 intemodes of the stems and 

 branches, as well as on leaves 

 and true roots. In seeking 

 for the origin of these .ad- 

 ventitious or chance buds, we 

 have no occasion to confine 

 our investigations to a single 

 order of plants, because they 

 constantly appear in a vast _,. „ .„ .„ .,^„^„ 



•'„ '^'^. ,. , ., , Fig. IS.— BOSE-LBAT AS OUTTIKG. 



number of species distributed 

 ■ among widely separated genera and families, and it 

 is not at all difficult to trace their source to the 

 reorganization of cell-matter. The leaf of a Eose cannot 

 be said to contain buds of any kind, still it will, when 

 stripped from the stem, with no wood or bark attached, 

 and placed under favorable conditions, produce roots and 

 a bud near the base of the stalk or petiole, as shown in 

 figure 12. The same is true of the Bryophyllum, some 

 Begonias, and hundreds of other familiar and well-known 

 plants tliat florists are constantly propagating by leaves, 

 and even minute portions of a leaf. Even the hark 



