236 PROPAGATION OF PLANTS. 



Carpintjs (Hornbeam).— Seedlings of the American 

 (C. Americana), and European (C. Betulus), are used as 

 stocks for. the Cut-leaved, Oak-leaved and other varieties 

 of the Hornbeam in cultivation. The American species 

 is the most rapid growing tree vrhile young, but it is 

 said that it does not reach quite so large a size in old age. 



Castabtea (Chestnut). — For cultivation in this coun- ^ 

 try the American Sweet Chestnut [C. vesca var. Ameri- 

 cana), is undoubteldy the best stock for all the European 

 and oriental species and varieties, including the recently 

 introduced Japan Chestnut. The common American 

 Chestnut tree grows to a very large size and is perfectly 

 hardy vrhere many of, the varieties of the European 

 species are tender. It is said that the Chestnut succeeds 

 moderately well when grafted on the Oak, but it will sel- 

 dom be necessary to employ Oak stocks, as seedlings of the 

 Chestnut are usually cheap and readily obtained. 



Catalpa (Indian Bean). — Seedlings or root cuttings 

 of the common American Catalpas ( 0. bignonioides and 

 C. speciosa), may be used as stocks for the less vigorous 

 growing varieties or oriental species. 



Cedrtjs (Cedar). — See Coniferse. 



Ceeasus (Cherry), Sub-section of Prunus. — The same 

 kind of stocks are usually employed for the ornamental 

 species and varieties of the Cherry as for those cultivated 

 for their fruit. The dwarf and trailing varieties, when 

 worked on tall, straight stocks of the Mazzard, form 

 handsome, round-headed or broad-spreading, pendulous- 

 branched trees, much admired for ornamental purposes. 

 With some of the Japanese varieties it is best to graft or 

 bud low down and then train to a stake until the stem 

 reaches the desired height ; then cut off and allow the 

 head to form as though grafted high. This treatment is 

 recommended because the wood of some of the oriental 

 varieties is not so likely to be injured by cold in winter 

 or by the heat in summer, as that of the Mazzard Cherry. 



