372 PEOPAGATIOlir OF PLAirrS. 



states, whUe others are qnite hardy. The deciduous species are propa- 

 gated by seed and ripe wood cuttings, and the CTergreen varieties by 

 cuttings of the young wood xmder glass. They may also be propa- 

 gated by layers, but cuttings produce the best-formed plants. The large 

 fruited and broad-leaved Euonymus (E. latifoUus), is usually propagated 

 by budding and grafting on stocks of the larger-growing species, and 

 the low, trailing species may also be grafted on the same Idnd of stocks, 

 the evergreen thiiving on the deciduous. 



Euphorbia (Milkwort,Polnsettia, Etc.) — An immense genus of several 

 hundred of species of trees, shrubs and herbs, the greater part abounding 

 in a milk-like juice, often containing on acrid and poisonous principle, 

 others containing valuable medicinal propei-ties. The flowers are small, 

 unisexual and crowded in numbers at the ends of the main shoots. A 

 few shnibby species are cultivated in greenhouses, usually under the 

 name of I^insettias, the bright-colored bracts sun-oundiiig the umbel of 

 flowers being used for decorative purposes. The winter-blooming, 

 tropical species require a high temperature to insure full development 

 of the showy, leaf-like bracts. Propagated by cuttings, and they stiike 

 root freely in a temperature of about seventy-five to ninety degrees. 



Eurya. — ^A small genus of evergi-een shrubs from China and Japan. 

 A variegated-leaved variety of latifolia is occasionally cultivated as a 

 half-hardy shrub in our Northern States. Propagated by green cuttings 

 under glass. 



Exochorda (Large-flowered Spirsea). — A very large, hardy decidu- 

 ous shrub, introduced about twenty-five years ago from Chiha, under the 

 name of Spiraea grandiflora, but, owing to its being difficult to propa- 

 gate, it has not as yet become common. Green cuttings taken from 

 plants forced in a greenhouse strike root more or less freely, but the 

 usual practice is to splice graft cions of the ripe wood on pieces of the 

 roots, then plant in hot-beds or in boxes in a moderately warm green- 

 house. It is also reported that in France ripe wood cuttings planted 

 early in fall in the open ground strike root^quite readily. 



Fabiana. — A neat little shrub with white flowers, anda well-known, 

 common greenhouse plant. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. 



Fagus (Beech). — ^A genus of large and valuable timber and orna- 

 mental trees. All are deciduous except two or three species found in 

 South America, but of which little is known. The triangular-shaped 

 nuts are well known among the people of both Europe and America. 

 Propagated by seed, which should be sown as soon as it is taken 

 from the tree, or stored in moist sand and in a cool place through winter. 

 Varieties are propagated hy layers, and by budding and grafting in th" 

 open air. In grafting, the cions should be set low down, and as near 

 the roots as convenient for working handily. 



Faramea. — A neat little evergreen shrub from the West Indies. 

 Cultivated in greenhouse^ for its white, fragrant flowers, which are about 

 the size of those of the Cape Jasmine. This species (,F. otloratiisima), is 



