442 



BOTANY 



high and 12 m. in diameter, attain the greatest height of any trees in the world. 

 Germany possesses only a few species of Conifers, some of which, however (e.g. 

 Pinus silvestris, Pieea exeelsa), occur so abundantly that they constitute a large 

 part of all the vegetation. The Silver Fir forms large woods in the Vosges and 

 the Black Forest, but otherwise is rare. The common Juniper is also everywhere 

 common on sandy soil. Pinus montana, Pinus Cembra (with three or five needles 

 on each spur), Larix europaea, and Juniperus Sabina are also found in Germany, 

 but except P. montana, they occur only in the Bavarian Alps. 



Many Pinaceae are cultivated in Germany on account of their beauty or economic 

 value. In addition to the indigenous species, the following examples may be 

 mentioned : Pinus Strobus, Weymouth Pine (North America) ; Thuja oecidentalis, 

 American Arbor ' Vitae ; Gedrus Libani, Cedar of Lebanon ; various species of 

 Araucaria, from the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere. 



^*1'C« 



Fig. 378.— Jimiperus Sabina : branch with fruit.— Officinal and Poisosous. 



Poisonous. — Juniperus Sabina, a monoecious shrub with broom-like branching 

 and scale, not needle-shaped, leaves. It grows wild in the Alps and is frequently 

 cultivated in gardens (Fig. 373). 



Officinal. — Agathis loranthifolia (Indian Archipelago) supplies Resina damak ; 

 Juniperus communis, Fructus Juniperi and Lignum Juniperi ; Juniperus 

 oxycedrus, Oleum cadinum ; Juniperus Sabina, Herba or Summitates Sabinae ; 

 Larix europaea, Terebinthina veneta ; Larix sibirica (North Russia, Siberia), Pix 

 liquida. From different species of pines, as P. silvestris, P. australis, P. Laricio, 

 P. Pinaster, P. Taeda, etc., and also from Abies alba we derived Terebinthina, 



