sect, ii PHANEROGAMIA 499 



Semen Quercus, are used medicinally. Quercus lusitaniea "Webb. var. infectoria, 

 indigenous to the East, produces, when stung by the Gall-fly, Cynips gallae tinctoriae, 

 the oiEcinal Gallae. 



Family Juglandaeeae. ■ — Flowers epigynous, monoecious, naked or 

 with tetramerous perigone ; number of stamens indefinite ; ovary with 



two INCOMPLETE LOCULI, enclosing ONE ERECT OVULE. AROMATIC 



trees, usually having imparipinnate leaves without stipules. 



In Juglans regia, the Walnut (Fig. 448), the thick, cylindrical male catkins are 

 borne in the axils of the fallen leaves of the shoots of the previous year ; the two 

 bracteoles and the gamophyllous, tetramerous perigone are adherent and envelop 

 a varying number of stamens. The female flowers are aggregated in few-flowered 

 spikes at the apices of the leafy shoots of the same year. In the female flowers, 

 as in the male, the leaves of the perigone are coherent and united with the brac- 

 teoles. The large, white papillose stigmas constitute the most conspicuous part 

 of the flowers. The fruit is a drupe, and when ripe it has a brown, irregularly 

 splitting exoearp and a hard endocarp. The seed, which is deeply lobed in con- 

 sequence of the incomplete septation of the cavity of the ovary, consists of a thin 

 seed-coat and two large, oily cotyledons attached to a short hypocotyl. 



Geographical Distribution. — The "Walnut (J. regia) grows wild in Greece 

 and Asia Minor. The other members of this small family are forest trees of North 

 America and Eastern Asia. The wood of several species of Juglandaeeae, particu- 

 larly of the Walnut, is much used for furniture and in cabinet work. 



Officinal. — From Juglans regia is obtained Folia Jitglandis. 



Allied to the Juglandaeeae is the small family Myricaeeae, of which the Bog- 

 Myrtle or Sweet Gale, Myriea Gale, growing on moors and along the wet borders 

 of ponds, is a familiar example. 



It has already been pointed out that the Oasuarinaceae are probably related to 

 the members of this alliance. This family comprises a number of Australian and 

 East Indian trees which somewhat resemble the Equisetaeeae in appearance. 



Order 2. Urtieinae 



Flowers hypogynous, usually unisexual, small, with simple, caly- 

 COID PERIGONE ; stamens opposite the leaves of the perigone, and of 

 the same number ; gynoecium one- to two-merous, in the last case one 

 of the carpels usually reduced ; ovary unilocular, with one ovule ; seeds 

 usually with endosperm. Herbs and woody plants with thick inflor- 

 escences. 



There are no very essential differences between the Amentaeeae and Urtieinae. 

 Inflorescences resembling the catkins of the Amentaeeae sometimes occur in the 

 Urtieinae. The reduction of the gynoecium to a single fertile carpel does not 

 always take place in the Urtieinae, nor is an endosperm always present in the seeds 

 without exception. In such cases, however, other characteristics and a comparison 

 with allied forms leave no doubt of their proper position within this order. 



Some members of this family are herbs, others are shrubs or 

 trees. They have variously shaped, but always stipulate leaves, and 

 frequently they contain a latex. The flowers, as a rule, are wind- 

 pollinated and inconspicuous ; they are aggregated into thick inflor- 



