502 



BOTANY 



ultimately into thick columns ; the branching crown in the meantime becomes 

 enormously expanded horizontally, and there is formed a large hall of columns, in 

 the shade of which there is sufficient space for a village. The tree upon which 

 the seed first germinated disappears entirely. The species of Ficus and 

 the majority of the Moraceae occur in the virgin forests of tropical countries. 



Caoutchouc is obtained from the 

 latex of many species of Moraceae ; 

 other species have edible fruit, e.g. 

 the Mulberry, Fig, and the Bread 

 tree, Artoearpus incisa. 



Officinal. — From Morus nigra 

 is derived Sykupus moei. 

 I T " . . 



Family Cannabinaeeae. — 



Flowers typically dioecious ; 

 the male with five perigone 

 leaves, and as many stamens 

 with straight filaments in the 

 bud ; the female flower has 

 an entire, cup -like perigone. 

 Ovary dimerous, with one 



SUSPENDED, ANATKOPOUS 



ovule. Herbs without latex, 

 with palmately-nerved leaves 

 and persistent stipules (Figs. 

 451, 452). 



Genera. — Cannabis, Humulus. 

 Cannabis sativa, Hemp, is a native 

 of the East Indies. It is an annual 

 herb with palmately divided leaves 

 beset with stiff hairs. .The male 

 flowers form a large, profusely 

 branched panicle with leaves only 

 at the base. The female flowers are 

 Fig. 462.-Hvm.vIvs Lupidvs. 1, Branch of male in- ag g re g ate( i into small spikes, and 

 florescence ; 2, branch with female inflorescences ; °° ° ... , 



3, a female inflorescence; 4, two female flowers are concealed by numerous leaves ; 

 with bract; 5, infructescence ; 6, fruit. (After as in most cases of wind-pollination, 

 Wossidlo.) the stigmas are characteristically 



large and papillose (Fig. 451). The 

 female plants are larger and possess thicker foliage than the male. The subtend- 

 ing leaves of the female flowers of the variety indica are covered with glandular 

 hairs, which excrete resin. The fruit is a nut with a seed containing much oil. 



The Hop, Humulus Lwpulus (Fig. 452), is both cultivated and found wild. It 

 is a twining, perennial herb with hispid, palmately4obed leaves. The male flowers 

 are united in profusely branched, axillary panicles devoid of leaves ; the female 

 are clustered into cone-like inflorescences, whose scales represent, in part, the stip- 

 ules of undeveloped hypsophylls, in part the subtending leaves of the flowers. 

 When ripe, the scales are covered with yellow glandular hairs which secrete lupulin. 

 It is to the presence of this lupulin that the value of hops in brewing is due. 



