516 



BOTANY 



Family Menispermaceae. — Flowers hypogynous, dkeoious, cyclic, consisting 



throughout of trimerous 

 whorls ; perianth of more 



THAN TWO WHORLS. THREE 



free carpels. Climbing 

 tropical plants. 



Officinal. — Jateorhiza 

 Calumba affords Eadix 

 Calumbae. 



Family Berberidaceae. — 

 Flowers hermaphrodite, 

 with ONE carpel, otherwise 

 as in the preceding family ; 

 anthers usually dehiscing by 

 valves. Herbs and woody 

 plants. 



A familiar representative 

 of this small family is the 

 Barberry, Berberis vulgaris 

 (Fig. 474). Species of Ma- 

 honia and Epimedium are cultivated as garden plants. 



Officinal. — Podophyllum peltatum, Mandrake (N\ America), yields Rhizoma 

 Podophylli. 



.Family Lauraeeae. — Flowers perigynous, cyclic, consisting 



Fig. 473. —a, Fruit of Myristica moscJiata after removal of the 

 front valve ; /, pericarp ; g, aril ; h, seed ; i, chalaza (§ nat. 

 size) ; b, seed, cut through longitudinally ; g, aril ; h, outer 

 integument, interrupted at r by the raphe ; m, albumen ; 

 n, embryo (nat. size). — Officinal. (After Berg and 

 Schmidt.) 



Fig. 474. — Berberis vulgaris. 1, Flowering branch ; 2, a 

 flower cut through longitudinally ; 3, a petal ; 4, a stamen 

 with valves of anther open ; 5, the same with valves 

 closed ; 6, fruit. (After Wossidlo.) 



Fig. 475. — Flower of Cinnamomum 

 zeylanicum, cut through longi- 

 tudinally, it, Receptacle ; b, 

 outer, and c, inner leaves of 

 perigone ; d - g, stamens ; i, 

 pistil ; k, ovule. (After Berg 

 and Schmidt, magnified.) 



throughout usually of trimerous whorls ; perianth calycoid, small ; 

 stamens generally in four whorls ; anthers with valves ; gyn- 

 oecium SYNCARPOUS ; ovary unilocular, with a single suspended ovule ; 

 seeds without albumen. Aromatic, woody plants (Fig. 475). 



