556 



BOTANY 



PART II 



Officinal. — Cydonia vulgaris affords Semen Cydoniae. Hagenia abyssiiiica 

 (a dioecious tree native of Abyssinia, with greenish female flowers whose epicalyx 

 and calyx turn red after fertilisation) yields Flores Koso (Fig. 528). Kosae Cen- 



Piq. 532. — Prunus Cer&us. 1, Flowering branch ;.2, a flower cut through, longitudinally ; 

 3, fruit in longitudinal section. (After Wossidlo.) 



tifoliae Petala from Rosa centifolia; Oleum Rosae from Rosa centifolia and 

 damascena ; Stktjpus Rum idaei from Rubus idaeus ; Amygdalae dulces and 

 Amygdalae amarae from Primus Amygdalus ; Pulpa prunorum from Pr. domes- 

 tica ; Folia Laurocerasi from Pr. Laurocerasus. Quillaja Saponaria (an ever- 

 green dioecious tree indigenous to Chili and Peru) yields Cortex Quillajae. 



Order 20. Leguminosae 



Flowers hypogynous or slightly peeigynous, actinomorphic, or 

 more frequently zygomorphic ; perianth usually pentamerous ; median 

 sepal anterior ; andrcecium diplostemonous, rarely consisting of an 

 indefinite or reduced number of stamens ; gynoecium of one carpel, 

 generally with many ovules attached, in two eows, to the 

 ventral SUTURE ; fruit usually a LEGUME. Seeds mostly without 

 albumen. Leaves generally compound, stipulate. 



The Leguminosae, with actinomorphic flowers, resemble the monocarpellary 

 Rosaceae, but they may be distinguished from them by their unexpanded or only 

 slightly enlarged receptacles, and by their fruit. 



The structure of the flower is also as varied in the Leguminosae as 

 in the Rosiflorae. The Mimosaceae have actinomorphic flowers ; those 

 of the Caesalpiniaceae are sometimes only slightly irregular, sometimes 

 more distinctly zygomorphic, leading by gradual transition to the 

 highly zygomorphic flowers of the Papilionaceae. These differences in 



