PHANEROGAMIA 



in turn enclose the anterior stamen) ; autotrophic plants. Vcrbascum (Mullein), 

 with five fertile stamens (Kg. 572) ; Scrophularia (Figwort) ; Antirrhinum (Snap- 

 dragon), 'corolla with short spur and two closed lips, capsule opening by pores ; 

 Linaria (Toad-Flax), corolla 

 with long spur, otherwise as 

 in the preceding genus ; 

 Digitalis (Foxglove), corolla 

 obliquely campanulate, cap- 

 sule opening by valves (Fig. 

 571) ; Gratiola (Hedge-Hys- 

 sop) ; Veronica (Speedwell). 

 (2) Ehinanthoideae. Corolla 

 with ascending aestivation 

 (i.e. the two posterior petals 

 overlapped by the lateral) ; 

 leafy plants, more rarely 

 parasites devoid of chloro- 

 phyll, and with haustoria. 

 SMnanthus (Yellow-Rattle) ; 

 Melampyrum (Cow-Wheat) ; 

 Euphrasia (Eyebright) ; Pedi- 

 cularis (Lousewort). 



Geographical Distribu- 

 tion. — The Scrophulariaceae 

 are of frequent occurrence in 

 the temperate zones of both 

 hemispheres, growing in the 

 most varied situations. Many 

 are ornamental plants, e.g. 

 Antirrhinum majus, various 

 species of Veronica, Paulownia imperialis (arborescent). 



Poisonous. — Digitalis purpurea (Figs. 571, 573), an unbranched, thickly-leaved, 

 hairy biennial bearing terminal, one-sided racemes of reddish campanulate flowers ; 

 all parts exceedingly poisonous. Gratiola officinalis, a perennial, glabrous herb, 



growing in damp situations to a height of 

 30 cm., with narrow, toothed leaves and 

 axillary tubular flowers, of a whitish 

 colour. 



Officinal. — Digitalis purpurea, the 

 Purple Foxglove (Fig. 573), yields Folia 

 Digitalis ; Verbascum thapsiforme (Fig. 

 572) and V. phlomoides, Flores Verbasci. 



Family Utrieulariaeeae. — 



Flowers distinguishable from those 

 of the preceding family by their 

 unilocular ovaries with free 



central placentae and exalbuminous seeds. Carnivorous, aquatic 



and marsh plants. 



C ll e 



Fig. 571. — Digitalis purpurea, o, Flower ; b, corolla cut open 

 and spread out ; c, calyx and pistil ; (7, fruit after dehis- 

 cence ; e,_transverse section of fruit (nat. size). 



Fig. 572. — Veruascum. tliapsiforme. n, Flower ; 

 b, calyx and style (nat. size). — Officinal. 



The flowers have only two stamens, and are distinctly zygomorphic and long- 



