PHANEROGAMIA 585 



androecium apparently tetramerous ; K4, C4, A4, G-(2) ; corolla 

 membranaceous ; ovary one- to four-locular. Herbs (Fig. 574). 



The apparently tetramerous character of the flowers is due to the suppression 

 of the posterior sepal and stamen, and the coalescence of the two posterior lobes of 

 the corolla. Most of the .species of this family have a radical rosette of entire 

 leaves, from the centre of which rises a tall scape bearing a terminal spike of small 

 flowers. The flowers are frequently distinctly protogynous ; they are usually 

 anemophilous (e.g. Plantago laneeolata), rarely insect-pollinated (e.g. Plantago 

 media). The fruit is commonly a many-seeded pyxidium. The plants comprised 

 in the few genera of this family are scattered over the whole world, without being 

 in any one region particularly prominent. Various species of Plantago (Plantain) 

 are common field and wayside weeds. 



The order Personatae includes also the following families : Bignoniaceae. 

 Trees and tendril-climbing lianes of warm climates, usually with compound leaves, 

 and winged seeds without endosperm ; fruit a woody capsule. Acanthaceae. 

 Tropical herbs and shrubs. Seeds few, without endosperm and attached to the 

 projecting placentae by strong funiculi, which frequently have characteristic 

 appendages. Olobulariaceae. Flowers in small heads ; ovary unilocular with one 

 ovule. 



Order 7. Labiatiflorae 



Flowers hypogynous, almost always zygomorphic, theoretically with 

 the formula K5, C5, A5, G(2), but usually with reduced andrcecia ; 

 stamens inserted on the corolla ; ovary biloeular, with FOUR erect 

 ovules, each loculus subdivided by a false dissepiment. Fruit 

 commonly a schizocarp. Leaves generally opposite. 



The plants constituting this order are herbs or shrubs, rarely trees ; 

 their vegetative organs are usually hairy and often aromatic. The 

 flowers are axillary, in most instances distinctly zygomorphic and 

 aggregated in inflorescences. The fruit is commonly a four-partite 

 schizocarp, more rarely a drupe or capsule. 



The order Labiatiflorae does not represent a continuation of that of the Personatae, 

 but rather a lateral offshoot from the branch of the Tubiflorae. The fruit of the 

 Labiatae, it is true, corresponds with that of the Boraginaceae, but similar fruits 

 ■occurs also in the Tubiflorae and Personatae. As there are no other points of 

 resemblance between the Labiatae and Boraginaceae, it is manifestly unwarrant- 

 able to assume the existence of a near relationship between these two families, such 

 as, for example, exists between the Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The Labiati- 

 florae were apparently separated from the Tubiflorae at an early stage ; their 

 nearest allies are probably found among the Convolvulaeeae. 



Family Verbenaeeae. — Ovary one- to two-locular, more usually sub- 

 divided and four-chambered (not lobed), the style therefore terminal. 

 Fruit a DRUPE, less frequently a capsule or schizocarp. Vegetative 

 organs and inflorescences not uniform. 



The Verbenaeeae consist for the most part of tropical plants, represented in the 

 Temperate Zone chiefly by the genus Verbena (Vervain). Tectona grandis, the 



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