PHANEEOGAMIA 



591 



merous perianth ; andrcecium reduced ; ovary trilocular, with only 

 one fertile loculus (Figs. 582, 583). 



The family comprises herbs and small under-shrubs, having simple 

 or pinnate leaves without stipules. The flowers are small and 

 aggregated in profusely branched, dichasial inflorescences. At the 

 time of flowering the calyx is rudimental, but it eventually assumes the 

 form of a feathery pappus (Fig. 583). The actinomorphic or spurred 

 corolla is rotate or funnel-shaped, usually of a light rose-colour. The 

 andrcecium, which was originally pentamerous, has suffered reduction, in 

 which process either the median stamen alone or, in addition, one or 

 three lateral stamens have been suppressed. Except in the first case 

 the andrcecium is asymmetrical with respect to the median plane of the 

 flower. The gyncecium, on the other hand, is always asymmetrical, one 

 of the lateral loculi, never the median loculus, being alone fertile 

 (Fig. 582). The fruit is indehiscent. 



a J> 



Fid. 5S2.— Valeriana. Floral Fig. 5S3.— Valeriana officinalis, a, Flower ( X 8) ; 



diagram. 6, fruit ( X i).—OFFWl.\A L. 



Representative Genera. — Valerianella, corolla rotate, three stamens. 

 Valeriana, corolla funnel-shaped, short-spurred, three stamens (Fig. 583). Cen- 

 tranthus, corolla funnel-shaped and long-spurred, one stamen. 



Geographical Distribution. — The Valerianaceae inhabit the countries of the 

 Temperate and Arctic Zones, but never form an important part of the vegetation. 

 Valeriana officinalis and V. dioica are common field flowers. Centranthus ruber 

 is a well-known garden plant. 



Officinal. — Valeriana officinalis yields Rad. Valerianae. 



Order 9. Campanulinae 



Flowers EPIGYNOUS, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, most frequently 

 with the formula K5, C(5), A5, G(2=3). Calyx gamosepalous, with 

 long sepals; stamens inserted on the flower-axis, usually with 

 anthers adhering together ; ovary two- to three- locular, with 

 numerous ovules. The possession of latex is characteristic of most 

 of the plants of this order. 



The Campanulinae are for the most part herbs with simple, entire, 

 alternate leaves without stipules. Their inflorescences are racemose, 



