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CHAPTER IX 
THE RIsE oF PHysIoLlocy—HarveEY. HALLER. JOHANNES MULLER, 179 
Physiology had a parallel development with anatomy, 179. Physiol- 
ogy of the ancients, 179. Galen, 180. Period of Harvey, 180. 
His demonstration of circulation of the blood, 180. His method 
of experimental investigation, 181. Period of Haller, 181. Phys- 
iology developed as an independent science, 183. Haller’s per- 
sonal characteristics, 181. His idea of vital force, 182. His book 
on the Elements of Physiology a valuable work, 183. Discovery 
of oxygen by Priestley in 1774, 183. Charles Bell’s great discoy- 
ery on the nervous system, 183. Period of Johannes Miiller, 184. 
A man of unusual gifts and personal attractiveness, 185. His 
personal appearance, 185. His great influence over students, 185. 
His especial service was to make physiology broadly comparative, 
186. His monumental Handbook of Physiology, 186. Unex- 
ampled accuracy in observation, 186. Introduces the principles 
of psychology into physiology, 186. Physiology after Miiller, 
188-195. Ludwig, 188. Du Bois-Reymond, 189. Claude 
Bernard, 190. Two directions of growth in physiology—the 
chemical and the physical, r192., Influence upon biology, 193. 
Other great names in physiology, 194. 
CHAPTER X 
Vor BAER AND THE RISE OF EMBRYOLOGY, 5 : : « 195 
Romantic nature of embryology, 195. Its importance, 195. Rudi- 
mentary organs and their meaning, 195. The domain of em- 
bryology, 196. Five historical periods, 196. The period of 
Harvey and Malpighi, 197-205. The embryological work of 
these two men insufficiently recognized, 197. Harvey’s pioneer 
attempt critically to analyze the process of development, 198. His 
teaching regarding the nature of development, 199. His treatise 
on Generation, 199. The frontispiece of the edition of 1651, 201, 
202. Mulpighi’s papers on the formation of the chick within the 
egg, 202. Quality of his pictures, 202. His belief in preformation, 
207. Malpighi’s rank as embryologist, 205. The period of 
Wolff, 205-214. Rise of the theory of predelineation, 206. 
Sources of'the idea that the embryo is preformed within the egg, 
207. Malpighi’s observations quoted, 207. Swammerdam’s 
view, 208. Leeuwenhoek and the discovery of the sperm, 208. 
